What Causes Restless Leg Syndrome?

Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS) is a condition that causes an uncontrollable urge to move the legs. It often worsens at night and can interfere with sleep. While the exact cause remains unclear, medical research points to several biochemical imbalances and neurological factors. Functional medicine and chiropractic care may provide natural relief by addressing underlying health issues. However, patients with RLS should also seek the care of a qualified medical professional to rule out other causes of the condition.

Potential Causes of Restless Leg Syndrome

RLS is linked to multiple biochemical and neurological factors. Some of the most common include:

1. Iron Deficiency – Low iron levels can affect dopamine function in the brain, leading to RLS symptoms.
2. Dopamine Dysfunction – Dopamine helps regulate movement. Any imbalance in this neurotransmitter can trigger restless legs.
3. Magnesium Deficiency – Magnesium is crucial for muscle relaxation. Low levels can cause muscle twitching and discomfort.
4. Vitamin B12 Deficiency – B12 supports nerve function. A deficiency can cause neurological issues, including RLS.
5. Chronic Inflammation – Systemic inflammation can impact nerve function and worsen symptoms.
6. Kidney Disease – Poor kidney function can lead to mineral imbalances that contribute to RLS.
7. Peripheral Neuropathy – Nerve damage from diabetes or other conditions can cause sensations similar to RLS.
8. Sleep Disorders – Insomnia, sleep apnea, and other sleep disturbances can make RLS worse.

Lab Markers to Identify Biochemical Imbalances

Doctors and functional medicine practitioners use lab tests to pinpoint biochemical causes of RLS. Important lab markers include:

• Ferritin – Measures iron stores. Low levels are strongly linked to RLS.
• Serum Iron & Total Iron-Binding Capacity (TIBC) – Assesses iron status in the blood.
• Magnesium RBC Test – Determines magnesium levels inside red blood cells.
• Vitamin B12 & Folate – Identifies deficiencies affecting nerve health.
• Homocysteine – Elevated levels may indicate poor B12 and folate metabolism.
• Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) – Checks kidney function and electrolyte balance.
• C-Reactive Protein (CRP) & ESR – Measures inflammation levels in the body.
• Dopamine & Serotonin Metabolites – Evaluates neurotransmitter function.

Neurology of Restless Leg Syndrome

RLS is primarily a neurological disorder involving the brain and peripheral nerves. The basal ganglia, a brain region that controls movement, plays a crucial role. Dopamine dysfunction in this area leads to abnormal signaling and increased leg movement urges.

• Central Nervous System (CNS) Involvement – Dopamine-producing neurons in the brain regulate muscle control. Dysfunction leads to excessive movement and discomfort.
• Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Dysfunction – Damage or irritation of peripheral nerves can cause tingling and discomfort in the legs.
• Circadian Rhythm Influence – RLS symptoms typically worsen at night, suggesting a connection to the body’s internal clock and dopamine levels.

How Chiropractic and Functional Medicine Can Help RLS

Functional medicine and chiropractic care focus on treating the root cause of RLS rather than just masking symptoms.

Chiropractic Care for Restless Leg Syndrome

• Spinal Adjustments – Misalignment in the spine can affect nerve function and circulation. Adjustments improve nervous system function.
• Nerve Stimulation – Chiropractic techniques can stimulate nerve pathways to reduce discomfort.
• Postural Corrections – Poor posture may contribute to nerve compression and muscle tension.

Functional Medicine Approaches for RLS

• Nutritional Support – Addressing iron, magnesium, and B12 deficiencies can significantly reduce symptoms.
• Reducing Inflammation – Anti-inflammatory diets rich in omega-3s and antioxidants help lower systemic inflammation.
• Improving Sleep Hygiene – Optimizing sleep patterns through lifestyle changes can help reduce RLS episodes.
• Balancing Dopamine Levels – Natural approaches like L-tyrosine supplementation and gut health optimization can improve dopamine function.
• Blood Sugar Regulation – Managing insulin resistance helps prevent nerve damage that can worsen RLS.

Restless Leg Syndrome is a complex condition with multiple causes. Identifying nutritional deficiencies, neurotransmitter imbalances, and inflammation is key to effective treatment. Chiropractic care and functional medicine offer natural ways to restore balance and reduce symptoms. If you struggle with RLS, consider getting lab tests and seeking holistic treatment options for lasting relief.